The Granger causality test to determine whether trends in word use in adsįollowed trends in articles or vice versa. To gain more insight into the trends in andīetween advertisements and articles, we applied two techniques from econometricsĪnd complexity science to the (relative) frequencies of words. Plots of word frequencies, however, only offer an overview of N-gram viewers can help researchers to determine when words appeared and how theyĮvolved. Particular instances of language use, or extract specific linguistic patterns Newspapers enables researchers to use computation to explore the archive, locate Rather than reflective of choices made by editors. Likely to be reflective of relations existing in the real world The possible relationships between the two are, therefore, more For this reason, we argue that we can view theĪrticles and advertisements in the same source as separate sources of Newspaper publishers, the editors writing the news were generally separated from Even though advertisements were a major source of revenue for Newspapers contained a large number ofĪdvertisements. As such, newspapers function as a proxy for Newspapers are a well-read rich historical source thatĬonditions and events” as well as “unconscious reflection of the tastes, the interests, Interplay between advertisers and society by analyzing advertisements andĪrticles in newspapers. To what extent did advertisements reflect or shape society. twentieth-century Netherlands) and sets out to answer This article examines the validity of these three positions in a specific Public discourse with a particular type of language. Poses that advertisements contributed to the shaping of a “community of discourse”. Information on the society in which a product was sold. State of technology, the social functions of products, and that they provide Into the ideals and aspirations of past realities. Roland Marchand argues that advertisements provide an insight In these studies, advertisements functioned as a Of food cultures (see Lears, 1994 Parkin, 2007 Sivulka, 2012). Scholars have, for instance, studied howĪdvertisements represented consumerism, gender identities, and the globalization In addition to writing histories of particularĬonsumer goods, researchers have also conceptualized consumer goods as entry Consequently, researchers turned to consumer Over the course of the twentieth century, branded consumer goods turned into an Improve our understanding of complex cultural-historical phenomena such as the role Methods from econometrics and complexity science can be applied to humanities data to Long-range dependencies for specific product groups. Interaction pattern, analogous to Cowan’s concept of the consumption junction.įinally, we discovered noteworthy patterns in terms of Granger causality and Generally, we found support for a complex Particular product types that seemed to be collectively driven by a Granger causality On the issue of whether advertisements shaped or reflected society, we found Mirrors the dynamic through which advertisers introduced terms into public discourse. Irregular behavior characterized by short bursts and fast decay, which, in part, Contrary to this, advertisements have a more Use in articles and advertisements published in a century of Dutch newspapers.Īrticles exhibit persistent trends. We foundĮvidence that indicates a fundamental difference between the dynamic behavior of word Were advertisements a reflection of historical events and societal debates, or wereĪd makers instrumental in shaping society and the ways people interacted withĬonsumer goods? Using techniques from econometrics (Granger causality test) andĬomplexity science (Adaptive Fractal Analysis), this paper analyzes to what extentĪdvertisements shaped or reflected society. One of their main concerns centered on the question of agency. Historians have regularly debated whether advertisements can be used as a viable source
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